Solve day 4 of AoC 2024

I'm not very happy with this solution, but it works.

advent-of-code/2024/day_04/.formatter.exs

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Used by "mix format"
+[
+  inputs: ["{mix,.formatter}.exs", "{config,lib,test}/**/*.{ex,exs}"]
+]

advent-of-code/2024/day_04/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# The directory Mix will write compiled artifacts to.
+/_build/
+
+# If you run "mix test --cover", coverage assets end up here.
+/cover/
+
+# The directory Mix downloads your dependencies sources to.
+/deps/
+
+# Where third-party dependencies like ExDoc output generated docs.
+/doc/
+
+# Ignore .fetch files in case you like to edit your project deps locally.
+/.fetch
+
+# If the VM crashes, it generates a dump, let's ignore it too.
+erl_crash.dump
+
+# Also ignore archive artifacts (built via "mix archive.build").
+*.ez
+
+# Ignore package tarball (built via "mix hex.build").
+day_04-*.tar
+
+# Temporary files, for example, from tests.
+/tmp/

advent-of-code/2024/day_04/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+# Day 4: Ceres Search
+
+"Looks like the Chief's not here. Next!" One of The Historians pulls out a device and pushes the only button on it.
+After a brief flash, you recognize the interior of the Ceres monitoring station!
+
+As the search for the Chief continues, a small Elf who lives on the station tugs on your shirt;
+she'd like to know if you could help her with her word search (your puzzle input). She only has to find one word: XMAS.
+
+This word search allows words to be horizontal, vertical, diagonal, written backwards, or even overlapping other words.
+It's a little unusual, though, as you don't merely need to find one instance of XMAS - you need to find all of them.
+Here are a few ways XMAS might appear, where irrelevant characters have been replaced with `.`:
+
+```
+..X...
+.SAMX.
+.A..A.
+XMAS.S
+.X....
+```
+
+The actual word search will be full of letters instead. For example:
+
+```
+MMMSXXMASM
+MSAMXMSMSA
+AMXSXMAAMM
+MSAMASMSMX
+XMASAMXAMM
+XXAMMXXAMA
+SMSMSASXSS
+SAXAMASAAA
+MAMMMXMMMM
+MXMXAXMASX
+```
+
+In this word search, XMAS occurs a total of 18 times; here's the same word search again,
+but where letters not involved in any XMAS have been replaced with `.`:
+
+```
+....XXMAS.
+.SAMXMS...
+...S..A...
+..A.A.MS.X
+XMASAMX.MM
+X.....XA.A
+S.S.S.S.SS
+.A.A.A.A.A
+..M.M.M.MM
+.X.X.XMASX
+```
+
+Take a look at the little Elf's word search. How many times does XMAS appear?
+
+
+## Part Two
+
+The Elf looks quizzically at you. Did you misunderstand the assignment?
+
+Looking for the instructions, you flip over the word search to find that this isn't actually an XMAS puzzle;
+it's an X-MAS puzzle in which you're supposed to find two MAS in the shape of an X. One way to achieve that is like this:
+
+```
+M.S
+.A.
+M.S
+```
+
+Irrelevant characters have again been replaced with `.` in the above diagram. Within the X, each MAS can be written forwards or backwards.
+
+Here's the same example from before, but this time all of the X-MASes have been kept instead:
+
+```
+.M.S......
+..A..MSMS.
+.M.S.MAA..
+..A.ASMSM.
+.M.S.M....
+..........
+S.S.S.S.S.
+.A.A.A.A..
+M.M.M.M.M.
+..........
+```
+
+In this example, an X-MAS appears 9 times.
+
+Flip the word search from the instructions back over to the word search side and try again. How many times does an X-MAS appear?

advent-of-code/2024/day_04/input.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
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advent-of-code/2024/day_04/lib/day04.ex

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+defmodule Mix.Tasks.Solve do
+  use Mix.Task
+
+  @impl Mix.Task
+  def run(_) do
+    input =
+      File.stream!("input.txt")
+      |> Enum.map(&String.trim/1)
+
+    res = Xmas.count_xmas(input)
+    IO.puts("Part 1: #{res}")
+
+    res = Mas.count_mas(input)
+    IO.puts("Part 2: #{res}")
+  end
+end

advent-of-code/2024/day_04/lib/mas.ex

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+defmodule Mas do
+  def count_mas(input) do
+    input
+    |> Enum.map(&String.graphemes/1)
+    |> extract_fragments()
+  end
+
+  def extract_fragments(matrix) do
+    matrix
+    |> Enum.map(fn row -> Enum.chunk_every(row, 3, 1, :discard) end)
+    |> Enum.zip_reduce([], fn elements, acc -> [elements | acc] end)
+    |> Enum.map(fn col -> Enum.chunk_every(col, 3, 1, :discard) end)
+    |> Enum.map(fn x -> Enum.map(x, &is_mas/1) end)
+    |> List.flatten()
+    |> Enum.reduce(0, fn x, acc -> if x, do: acc + 1, else: acc end)
+  end
+
+  def is_mas(triplet) do
+    str =
+      triplet
+      |> List.flatten()
+      |> Enum.join()
+
+    [~r/M.S.A.M.S/, ~r/M.M.A.S.S/, ~r/S.M.A.S.M/, ~r/S.S.A.M.M/]
+    |> Enum.map(fn regex -> String.match?(str, regex) end)
+    |> Enum.reduce(false, fn x, acc -> acc or x end)
+  end
+end

advent-of-code/2024/day_04/lib/xmas.ex

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+defmodule Xmas do
+  def count_xmas(input) do
+    horizontal =
+      input
+      |> Enum.map(&count_xmas_in_str/1)
+      |> Enum.sum()
+
+    vertical =
+      input
+      |> transpose()
+      |> Enum.map(&count_xmas_in_str/1)
+      |> Enum.sum()
+
+    diagonal =
+      input
+      |> get_diagonals()
+      |> Enum.map(&count_xmas_in_str/1)
+      |> Enum.sum()
+
+    diagonal_inverted =
+      input
+      |> Enum.map(&String.reverse/1)
+      |> get_diagonals()
+      |> Enum.map(&count_xmas_in_str/1)
+      |> Enum.sum()
+
+    horizontal + vertical + diagonal + diagonal_inverted
+  end
+
+  def transpose(input) do
+    input
+    |> Enum.map(&String.graphemes/1)
+    |> Enum.zip_with(&Function.identity/1)
+    |> Enum.map(&Enum.join/1)
+  end
+
+  def get_diagonals(input) do
+    matrix =
+      input
+      |> Enum.map(&String.graphemes/1)
+
+    {width, height} = get_dimensions(matrix)
+
+    Enum.map(1..(width + height - 1), fn n -> get_nth_diagonal(matrix, n) end)
+  end
+
+  def get_nth_diagonal(matrix, n) do
+    {width, height} = get_dimensions(matrix)
+
+    first_row = max(0, n - width)
+    last_row = min(height, first_row + n - 1)
+    max_char_idx = min(width, n) - 1
+
+    matrix
+    |> Enum.slice(first_row..last_row)
+    |> Enum.with_index(fn row, idx -> Enum.at(row, max_char_idx - idx) end)
+    |> Enum.join()
+  end
+
+  def get_dimensions(matrix) do
+    width =
+      matrix
+      |> hd()
+      |> Enum.count()
+
+    height = Enum.count(matrix)
+
+    {width, height}
+  end
+
+  def count_xmas_in_str(input, acc \\ 0)
+
+  def count_xmas_in_str("", acc) do
+    acc
+  end
+
+  def count_xmas_in_str(input, acc) do
+    acc = if String.starts_with?(input, "XMAS"), do: acc + 1, else: acc
+    acc = if String.starts_with?(input, "SAMX"), do: acc + 1, else: acc
+    new_input = String.slice(input, 1..-1//1)
+
+    count_xmas_in_str(new_input, acc)
+  end
+end

advent-of-code/2024/day_04/mix.exs

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+defmodule Day04.MixProject do
+  use Mix.Project
+
+  def project do
+    [
+      app: :day_04,
+      version: "0.1.0",
+      elixir: "~> 1.16",
+      start_permanent: Mix.env() == :prod,
+      deps: deps()
+    ]
+  end
+
+  # Run "mix help compile.app" to learn about applications.
+  def application do
+    [
+      extra_applications: [:logger]
+    ]
+  end
+
+  # Run "mix help deps" to learn about dependencies.
+  defp deps do
+    [
+      # {:dep_from_hexpm, "~> 0.3.0"},
+      # {:dep_from_git, git: "https://github.com/elixir-lang/my_dep.git", tag: "0.1.0"}
+    ]
+  end
+end

advent-of-code/2024/day_04/test/test_helper.exs

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ExUnit.start()

advent-of-code/2024/day_04/test/xmas_test.exs

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+defmodule XmasTest do
+  use ExUnit.Case
+  doctest Xmas
+
+  test "count xmas" do
+    assert Xmas.count_xmas_in_str("ABXMASAMXABXMASABSAMX") == 4
+  end
+
+  test "diagonals" do
+    input = ["abc", "def", "ghi", "jkl"]
+    diagonals = ["a", "bd", "ceg", "fhj", "ik", "l"]
+    assert Xmas.get_diagonals(input) == diagonals
+  end
+
+  test "example 1" do
+    input = [
+      "MMMSXXMASM",
+      "MSAMXMSMSA",
+      "AMXSXMAAMM",
+      "MSAMASMSMX",
+      "XMASAMXAMM",
+      "XXAMMXXAMA",
+      "SMSMSASXSS",
+      "SAXAMASAAA",
+      "MAMMMXMMMM",
+      "MXMXAXMASX"
+    ]
+
+    assert Xmas.count_xmas(input) == 18
+  end
+end